Curriculum(2017-18)
Chemistry
course codes and Titles
YEAR
|
S.No
|
Course Code
|
Title of the Paper
|
Semester
|
2017-2018
|
1.
|
1112-B
|
Inorganic&Organic
chemistry
|
I
|
2.
|
2212-B
|
Physical&
General chemistry
|
II
|
|
3.
|
3312-A
|
Inorganic&Organic
chemistry
|
III
|
|
4.
|
4412
|
Spectroscopy&Physical
chemistry
|
IV
|
|
5.
|
55121
|
Inorganic,organic&Physical
Chemistry-V
|
V
|
|
6.
|
55122
|
Inorganic,organic&Physical
Chemistry-VI
|
V
|
|
7.
|
612EL01
|
Elective-VIIA-Analytical
methods in chemistry
|
VI
|
|
8.
|
612CLA1
|
Cluster-VIII-A-1-Polymer
chemistry
|
VI
|
|
9.
|
612CLA2
|
Cluster-VIII-A-2-Instrumental
Methods of analysis
|
VI
|
|
10.
|
612CLA3
|
Cluster-VIII-A-3-Analysis
of Drugs,Foods,Dairyproducts& Bio chemical Analysis
|
VI
|
|
11.
|
1112-P
|
Practical-I
|
I
|
|
12.
|
2212-P
|
Practical-II
|
II
|
|
13.
|
3312-p
|
Practical-III
|
III
|
|
14.
|
4412-p
|
Practical-IV
|
IV
|
|
15.
|
55121-p
|
Practical-V
|
V
|
|
16.
|
55122-p
|
Practical-VI
|
V
|
|
17.
|
612EL01-P
|
Practical-VII-A
Elective
|
VI
|
|
18.
|
612CLA1-P
|
Cluster
Practical-VIII-A-1
|
VI
|
|
19.
|
612CLA2-P
|
Cluster
Practical-VIII-A-2
|
VI
|
|
20.
|
612CLA3-P
|
Cluster
Practical-VIII-A-3
Project work
|
VI
|
DUVVURU
RAMANAMMA WOMEN’S COLLEGE GUDURU
(AUTONOMOUS)
I-B.Sc- CHEMISTRY-
SEMESTER-I- PAPER-I - SYLLABUS
INORGANIC
CHEMISTRY 30 hrs (2h / w)
p-block elements –I
15h
Group-13: Synthesis and
structure of diborane and higher boranes
(B4H10
and B5H9), boron-nitrogen
compounds (B3N3H6 and BN)
Group - 14: Preparation and applications
of silanes and silicone
Group - 15: Preparation and reactions
of hydrazine, hydroxylamine.
UNIT-II
1. p-block elements
-II 8h
Group -
16:
Classifications of oxides based on (i) Chemical behaviour and (ii) Oxygen
content.
Group-17: Inter halogen compounds and
pseudo halogens.
2.
Organometallic Chemistry 7h
Definition and
classification of Organometallic compounds, nomenclature, preparation,
properties and applications of alkyls of Li and Mg elements.
ORGANIC
CHEMISTRY 30hrs (2h /w)
Structural theory in Organic
Chemistry 10 h
Types of bond fission and organic
reagents (Electrophilic, Nucleophilic, and free radical reagents including
neutral molecules like H2O,NH3& AlCl3).Bond
polarization : Factors influencing the polarization of covalent bonds, electro
negativity - inductive effect.
Application of inductive effect (a) Basicity of amines (b) Acidity of
carboxylic acids (c) Stability of carbonium ions. Resonance or Mesomeric
effect, application to (a) acidity of phenol, and (b) acidity of carboxylic
acids. Hyper conjugation and its application to stability of carbonium ions,
Free radicals and alkenes, carbanions, carbenes and nitrenes.Types of Organic
reactions : Addition - electrophilic, nucleophilic and free radical.
Substitution - electrophilic, nucleophilic and free radical. Elimination-
Examples.
l. Acyclic Hydrocarbons
6 h
Alkenes - Preparation of alkenes.
Properties: Addition of hydrogen - heat of hydrogenation and stability of
alkenes. Addition of halogen and its mechanism. Addition of HX, Markonikov's
rule, addition of H2O, HOX,H2SO4 with mechanism
and addition of HBr in the presence of peroxide (anti - Markonikov's addition
). Dienes - Types of dienes, reactions of conjugated dienes - 1,2 and 1,4
addition of HBr to 1,3 - butadiene and Diel's - Alder reaction.
Alkynes - Preparation by
dehydrohalogenation of dihalides, dehalogenation of tetrahalides, Properties;
Acidity of acetylenic hydrogen (formation of Metal acetylides). Preparation of
higher acetylenes, Metal ammonia reductions, Physical properties. Chemical
reactivity - electrophilic addition of X2, HX, H2O
(Tautomerism), Oxidation with KMnO4, OSO4, reduction and
Polymerisation reaction of acetylene.
2. Alicyclic
hydrocarbons (Cycloalkanes) 4 h
Nomenclature, Preparation by Freunds
methods, heating dicarboxylic metal salts. Properties - reactivity of
cyclopropane and cyclobutane by comparing with alkanes, Stability of
cycloalkanes - Baeyer's strain theory, Sachse and Mohr predictions and Pitzer's
strain theory. Conformational structures of cyclobutane, cyclopentane,
cyclohexane.
UNIT-V
Benzene and its
reactivity
10h
Concept of resonance, resonance energy.
Heat of hydrogenation, heat of combustion of Benzene, mention of C-C bond
lengths and orbital picture of Benzene. Concept of aromaticity - aromaticity
(definition), Huckel's rule - application to Benzenoid (Benzene, Naphthalene)
and Non - Benzenoid compounds (cyclopropenyl cation, cyclopentadienyl anion and
tropylium cation)Reactions - General mechanism of electrophilic substitution,
mechanism of nitration, Friedel Craft's alkylation and acylation. Orientation
of aromatic substitution - Definition of ortho, para and meta directing groups.
Ring activating and deactivating groups with examples (Electronic
interpretation of various groups like NO2 and Phenolic). Orientation
of (i) Amino, methoxy and methyl groups (ii) Carboxy, nitro, nitrile, carbonyl
and sulphonic acid groups (iii) Halogens( Explanation by taking minimum of one
example from each type)
SEMESTER- II
Paper- II
(Physical & General Chemistry)
60 hrs (4 h / w)
PHYSICAL
CHEMISTRY
30 hrs (2h / w)
Solidstate
l0h
Symmetry in crystals. Law of constancy
of interfacial angles. The law of rationality of indices.wice indices, miller
indices. The law of symmetry. Definition of lattice point, space lattice, unit
cell. Bravis lattices and crystal systems. Bragg's law. Defects in crystals.
Stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric defects. And Applications.
1.Gaseous state 6
h
Compression factors, deviation of real
gases from ideal behavior. Vander Waal's equation of state. P-V Isotherms of
real gases, Andrew's isotherms of carbon dioxide, continuity of state. Critical
phenomena. The vander Waal's equation and the critical state. Law of
corresponding states.Relationship between critical constants and vander Waal's
constants. Joule Thomson effect.
2.Liquid
state 4
h
Structural differences between solids,
liquids and gases. Liquid crystals, the mesomorphic state. Classification of
liquid crystals into Smectic and Nematic. Differences between liquid crystal
and solid/liquid. Application of liquid crystals as LCD devices.
Solutions
l0h
Liquid-liquid - ideal solutions,
Raoult's law. Ideally dilute solutions, Henry's law. Non-ideal solutions.
Vapour pressure - composition and vapour pressure- temperature curves.
Azeotropes-HCl-H2O, ethanol-water systems and fractional
distillation. Partially miscible liquids-phenol-water, trimethylamine-water,
nicotine-water systems. Effect of impurity on consulate temperature. Immiscible
liquids and steam distillation.Nernst distribution law. Calculation of the
partition coefficient. Applications of distribution law.
GENERAL CHEMISTRY
30 hrs (2h / w)
l.Surface chemistry
8 h
Definition of colloids. Solids in
liquids(sols), preparation, purification, properties - kinetic, optical,
electrical. Stability of colloids, Hardy-Schulze law, protective
colloid.Liquids in liquids (emulsions) preparation, properties, uses. Liquids
in solids (gels) preparation, uses.Adsorption: Physical adsorption,
chemisorption. Freundlisch, Langmuir adsorption isotherms. Applications of
adsorption
Valence bond
theory, hybridization, VB theory as applied toClF3, Ni (CO)4, Molecular orbital
theory - LCAO method,
construction of M.O. diagrams for homo-nuclear and hetero-nuclear diatomic
molecules (N2, O2, CO and NO).
Stereochemistry of carbon
compounds
15 h
Molecular representations- Wedge,
Fischer, Newman and Saw-Horse formulae. Optical isomerism: Optical activity-
wave nature of light, plane polarised light, optical rotation and specific
rotation. Chiral molecules- definition and criteria(Symmetry elements)-
Definition of enantiomers and diastereomers – Explanation of optical isomerism
with examples Glyceraldehyde, Lactic acid, Alanine, Tartaric acid,
2,3-dibromopentane. D,L and R,S configuration methods and E,Z- configuration with examples.
LABORATORY
COURSE-1( SEMESTER-1) PRACTICAL-I
Qualitative
Inorganic Analysis Qualitative
Analysis and Inorganic preparation.
Analysis
of simple salt containing the following one Anion and cation.
Analysis
of Anion: Carbonate, Sulphate, Chloride, Bromide, Iodide, Acetate,Nitrate
,Borate, Phospate. Analysis of Cation: Lead,Copper, Cadmium,Iron,Aluminum,Zinc,
Manganese, Nickel,Calcium,Stronitum.Barium,Potassium, Ammonium.
LABORATORY
COURSE -II
Practical-II (At the end of
Semester-II)30 hrs (2 h / w)
Qualitative inorganic analysis
Analysis of
mixture salt containing two anions and two cations (From two different groups)
from the following:
Anions: Carbonate, sulphate, chloride,
bromide, iodide, acetate, nitrate, borate, phosphate.
Cations: Lead, copper,
iron, aluminum, zinc, manganese, calcium, strontium, barium, potassium and
ammonium.
SEMESTER –
III
Paper III (INORGANIC
& ORGANIC CHEMISTRY) 60
hrs (4 h / w)
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 30 hrs (2h / w)
1. Chemistry of d-block elements: 9h
Characteristics of
d-block elements with special reference to electronic configuration, variable
valence, magnetic properties, catalytic properties and ability to form
complexes. Stability of various oxidation states
2. Theories of bonding in metals: 6h
Metallic properties and its limitations,
Valence bond theory, Free electron theory, Explanation of thermal and
electrical conductivity of metals, limitations, Band theory, formation of
bands, explanation of conductors, semiconductors and insulators.
UNIT – II
3.Metal carbonyls : 7h
EAN rule, classification of metal carbonyls,
structures and shapes of metal carbonyls of V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni.
4. Chemistry of f-block elements: 8h Chemistry of lanthanides - electronic structure, oxidation
states, lanthanide contraction, consequences of lanthanide contraction,
magnetic properties. Chemistry of actinides - electronic configuration,
oxidation states, actinide contraction, comparison of lanthanides and
actinides.
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 30hrs (2h/w)
UNIT – III
1. Halogen compounds 5 h
Nomenclature and
classification of alkyl (into primary, secondary, tertiary), aryl, aryl alkyl, allyl,
vinyl, benzyl halides. Nucleophilic aliphatic substitution reaction-
classification intoSN1 andSN2 – reaction
mechanism with examples – Ethyl chloride, t-butyl chloride and optically active
alkyl halide 2-bromobutane.
2. Hydroxy compounds 5h Nomenclature and classification of hydroxy
compounds.Alcohols: Preparation with hydroboration reaction, Grignard synthesis
of alcohols. Phenols: Preparation i) from diazonium salt, ii) from aryl
sulphonates, iii) from cumene. Physical properties- Hydrogen bonding
(intermolecular and intramolecular). Effect of hydrogen bonding on boiling
point and solubility in water. Identification
of alcohols by oxidation with KMnO4, Ceric ammonium nitrate, Luca’s
reagent and phenols by reaction with FeCl3.Chemical properties:a)
Dehydration of alcohols b) Oxidation of
alcohols by CrO3, KMnO4.
c) Special reaction of phenols: Bromination,
Kolbe-Schmidtreaction,Riemer-Tiemann reaction, Fries rearrangement, azocoupling,
Pinacol-Pinacolone rearrangement.
Carbonyl compounds 10 h
Nomenclature of
aliphatic and aromatic carbonyl compounds, structure of the carbonyl group. Synthesis
of aldehydes from acid chlorides, synthesis of aldehydes and ketones using
1,3-dithianes, synthesis of ketones from nitriles and from carboxylic acids.
Physical properties: Reactivity of carbonyl group in aldehydes and
ketones.Nucleophilic addition reaction with a) NaHSO3, b) HCN, c)
RMgX, d) NH2OH, e)PhNHNH2, f) 2,4 DNPH, g)
Alcohols-formation of hemiacetal and acetal. Base catalysed reactions: a)
Aldol, b) Cannizzaro’s reaction, c) Perkin reaction, d) Benzoin condensation,
e) Haloform reaction, f) Knoevenagel reaction. Oxidation of aldehydes-
Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of ketones.Reduction: Clemmensen reduction,
Wolf-Kishner reduction, MPV reduction, reduction with LiAlH4 and NaBH4. Analysis
of aldehydes and ketones with a) 2,4-DNPH test, b) Tollen's test, c) Fehling
test, d) Schiff’s test e) Haloform test
(with equation).
1. Carboxylic acids and
derivatives 6 h
Nomenclature, classification and structure of
carboxylic acids. Methods of preparation by a) Hydrolysis of nitriles, amides
b) Hydrolysis of esters by acids and bases with mechanism c) Carbonation of
Grignard reagents. Special methods of preparation of aromatic acids by a)
Oxidation of side chain. b) Hydrolysis by benzotrichlorides. c) Kolbe reaction. Physical properties: Hydrogen bonding, dimeric association,
acidity- strength of acids with examples of trimethyl acetic acid and
trichloroacetic acid. Relative differences in the acidities of aromatic and
aliphatic acids. Chemical properties:
Reactions involving H, OH and COOH groups- salt formation, anhydride formation,
acid chloride formation, amide formation and esterification (mechanism).
Degradation of carboxylic acids by Huns-Diecker reaction, decarboxylation by
Schimdt reaction, Arndt-Eistert synthesis, halogenation by Hell- Volhard-
Zelinsky reaction.
Acetoacetic ester: keto-enol tautomerism, preparation by Claisen
condensation, Acid hydrolysis and ketonic hydrolysis. Preparation of a)
monocarboxylic acids. b) Dicarboxylic acids. c) Reaction with urea Malonic ester: preparation from acetic acid. Synthetic applications: Preparation of a) monocarboxylic acids (propionic acid
and n-butyric acid). b) Dicarboxylic
acids (succinic acid and adipic acid) c) α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids
(crotonic acid). d) Reaction with urea.
SEMESTER
IV
Paper IV (
SPECTROSCOPY & PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY)
60
hrs (4 h / w)
SPECTROSCOPY
30 hrs (2h / w)
UNIT-I 6h
General features of absorption - Beer-Lambert's
law and its limitations, transmittance, Absorbance, and molar absorptivity.
Single and double beam spectrophotometers. Application of Beer-Lambert law for
quantitative analysis of 1. Chromium in
K2Cr2O7
2. Manganese in Manganous sulphate
Electronic spectroscopy: 8h
Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with
molecules and types of molecular spectra. Energy levels of molecular orbitals
(σ, π, n). Selection rules for electronic spectra. Types of electronic
transitions in molecules effect of conjugation. Concept of chromophore and
auxochrome.
UNIT-II
Infra red spectroscopy 8h
Different
Regions in Infrared radiations. Modes of vibrations in diatomic and polyatomic molecules. Characteristic
absorption bands of various functional groups. Interpretation of
spectra-Alkanes, Aromatic, Alcohols carbonyls, and amines with one example to
each.
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) 8h
Principles of nuclear magnetic resonance,
equivalent and non-equivalent protons, position of signals. Chemical shift, NMR
splitting of signals - spin-spin coupling, coupling constants.
Applications of NMR with suitable examples - ethyl bromide, ethanol,
acetaldehyde, 1,1,2-tribromo ethane, ethyl acetate, toluene and acetophenone.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
30 hrs (2h / w)
UNIT-III
Dilute solutions
10h
Colligative properties. Raoult's law, relative
lowering of vapour pressure, its relation to molecular weight of non-volatile
solute. Elevation of boiling point and depression of freezing point. Derivation
of relation between molecular weight and elevation in boiling point and
depression in freezing point. Experimental methods of determination. Osmosis,
osmotic pressure, experimental determination. Theory of dilute solutions.
Determination of molecular weight of non-volatile solute from osmotic pressure.
Abnormal Colligative properties- Van’t Hoff factor.
Electrochemistry-I
6h Specific conductance, equivalent conductance. Variation of
equivalent conductance with dilution. Migration of ions, Kohlrausch's law.
Arrhenius theory of electrolyte dissociation and its limitations. Ostwald's
dilution law. Debye-Huckel-Onsagar's equation for strong electrolytes
(elementary treatment only). Definition of transport number, determination by
Hittorfs method. Application of conductivity measurements- conductometric titrations.
1.
Electrochemistry-II
4h
Single electrode potential, sign convention,
Reversible and irreversible cells Nernst Equation- Reference electrode,
Standard Hydrogen electrode, calomel electrode, Indicator electrode, metal –
metal ion electrode, Inert electrode, Determination of EMF of cell,
Applications of EMF measurements - Potentiometric titrations.
2.Phase rule 6h
Concept of phase, components, degrees of
freedom. Thermodynamic Derivation of Gibbs phase rule.
Phase equilibrium of one component system - water system. Phase
equilibrium of two- component system, solid-liquid equilibrium.
Simple eutectic diagram of Pb-Ag system, simple eutectic diagram,
desilverisation of lead., NaCl-Water system, Freezing mixtures.
LABORATORY
COURSE-III
Practical paper –III Titrimetric Analysis
and Organic Functional Group Reactions
(At the
end of semester-III)
I.Titrimetric
Analysis:
25M
1. Determination of Fe(II)
usingKMno4 with Oxalic Acid as Primary Standard
2.Determination of Cu(II) using
Na2S2O3 With K2Cr2O7
as Primary standard.
II.Organic Functional Group
Reactions 25M
Reactions of the Following
Functional groups present in organic compounds (at least four)
Alcohols,Phenols,Aldehydes,Ketones,Carboxylic
acids and Amides
LABORATORY COURSE – IV
Practical
Paper - IV Physical Chemisry and IR Spectral Analysis
(at
the end of semester IV)
30 hrs (2 h / W)
Physical
Chemistry 25M
1.Critical Solution Temperature- Phenol-Water system
2.Effect of NaCl on critical solution temperature
(Phenol-Water system)
3.Determination
of concentration of HCl conductometrically using standard NaOH
solution.
4.Determination of concentration of
acetic acid conductometrically using standard
NaOH Solution.
IR Spectral Analysis
25 M
5. IR Spectral Analysis of the following
functional groups with examples
a)
Hydroxyl groups b) Carbonyl groups
c)
Amino groups
d)
Aromatic groups
Paper
- V (INORGANIC, PHYSICAL & ORGANIC CHEMISTRY)
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
UNIT – I
Coordination Chemistry:
8h
IUPAC nomenclature - bonding theories - Review of Werner's
theory and Sidgwick's concept of coordination - Valence bond theory -
geometries of coordination numbers 4-tetrahedral and square planar and
6-octahedral and its limitations, crystal filed theory - splitting of
d-orbitals in octahedral, tetrahedral and square-planar complexes - low spin
and high spin complexes - factors affecting crystal-field splitting energy,
merits and demerits of crystal-field theory. Isomerism in coordination
compounds - structural isomerism and stereo isomerism, stereochemistry of
complexes with 4 and 6 coordination numbers.
UNIT-II
1. Spectral and magnetic properties
of metal complexes: 4h Types of magnetic behavior, spin-only
formula, calculation of magnetic moments, experimental determination of
magnetic susceptibility-Gouymethod.
2. Stability of metal complexes:
3h Thermodynamic stability and kinetic stability,
factors affecting the stability of metal complexes, chelate effect,
determination of composition of complex by Job's method and mole ratio method.
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
UNIT-
III
Nitro hydrocarbons: 3h
Nomenclature and
classification-nitro hydrocarbons, structure -Tautomerism of nitroalkanes
leading to aci and keto form, Preparation of Nitroalkanes, reactivity -halogenation,
reaction with HONO (Nitrous acid),Nef reaction and Mannich reaction leading to
Micheal addition and reduction.
Nitrogen compounds : 12h
Amines (Aliphatic and Aromatic): Nomenclature,
Classification into 1°, 2°, 3° Amines and Quarternary ammonium
compounds. Preparative methods –Ammonolysis of alkyl halides 2. Gabriel
synthesis 3. Hoffman's bromamide reaction (mechanism)Reduction of Amides and
Schmidt reaction. Physical properties and basic character - Comparative basic
strength of Ammonia, methyl amine, dimethyl amine, trimethyl amine and aniline - comparative basic
strength of aniline, N-methylaniline and N,N-dimethyl aniline (in aqueous and
non-aqueous medium), steric effects and substituent effects.
Chemical
properties: a) Alkylation b) Acylation c) Carbylamine reaction d) Hinsberg
separation e) Reaction with Nitrous acid of 1°, 2°, 3° (Aliphatic and aromatic
amines). Electrophillic substitution of Aromatic amines – Bromination and
Nitration. Oxidation of aryl and Tertiary amines, Diazotization.
PHYSICAL
CHEMISTRY
UNIT- V
Thermodynamics 15h
The first law of
thermodynamics-statement, definition of internal energy and enthalpy. Heat
capacities and their relationship. Joule-Thomson effect- coefficient.
Calculation of w, for the expansion of perfect gas under isothermal and
adiabatic conditions for reversible processes. State function. Temperature
dependence of enthalpy of formation-Kirchoff s equation. Second law of
thermodynamics. Different Statements of the law. Carnot cycle and its
efficiency. Carnot theorem. Concept of entropy, entropy as a state function,
entropy changes in reversible and irreversible processes. Entropy changes in
spontaneous and equilibrium proces
SEMESTER-V
Paper - VI (INORGANIC, ORGANIC &
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY)
45 hrs (3 h / w)
UNIT-I
1. Reactivity of metal complexes: 4h
Labile and inert
complexes, ligand substitution reactions - SN1
and SN2,substitution
reactions of square planar complexes - Trans effect and applications of trans
effect.
2.Bioinorganic chemistry: 4h Essential elements, biological significance of Na, K, Mg, Ca,
Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cl Metalloporphyrins – Structure and
functions of hemoglobin, Myoglobin and Chlorophyll.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
UNIT-II
1. Chemical kinetics 8h
Rate of reaction - Definition of order and
molecularity. Derivation of rate constants for first, second, third and zero
order reactions and examples. Derivation for time half change. Methods to
determine the order of reactions. Effect of temperature on rate of reaction,
Arrhenius equation, concept of activation energy.
2. Photochemistry 5h
Difference between thermal and
photochemical processes. Laws of photochemistry- Grothus-Draper's law and
Stark-Einstein's law of photochemical equivalence. Quantum yield-Photochemical
reaction mechanism- hydrogen- chlorine, hydrogen- bromine reaction. Qualitative
description of fluorescence, phosphorescence, Photosensitized reactions- energy
transfer processes (simple example)
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
UNIT- III
Heterocyclic
Compounds 7h
Introduction and definition: Simple five
membered ring compounds with one hetero atom Ex. Furan. Thiophene and pyrrole -
Aromatic character – Preparation from 1,4,- dicarbonyl compounds, Paul-Knorr
synthesis. Properties : Acidic character of pyrrole - electrophillic
substitution at 2 or 5 position, Halogenation, Nitration and Sulphonation under
mild conditions - Diels Alder reaction
in furan.Pyridine – Structure - Basicity - Aromaticity - Comparison with
pyrrole - one method of preparation and properties - Reactivity towards
Nucleophilic substitution reaction.
Carbohydrates 8h
Monosaccharides: (+) Glucose (aldo hexose) -
Evidence for cyclic structure of glucose (some negative aldehydes tests and
mutarotation) - Proof for the ring size
(methylation, hydrolysis and oxidation reactions) - Pyranose structure (Haworth
formula and chair conformational formula). (-) Fructose (ketohexose) - Evidence
of 2 - ketohexose structure (formation of pentaacetate, formation of
cyanohydrin its hydrolysis and reduction by HI). Cyclic structure for fructose
(Furanose structure and Haworth formula) - osazone formation from glucose and
fructose – Definition of anomers with examples. Interconversion of
Monosaccharides: Aldopentose to Aldohexose (Arabinose to D- Glucose, D-Mannose)
(Kiliani - Fischer method). Epimers, Epimerisation - Lobry de bruyn van Ekenstein
rearrangement. Aldohexose to Aldopentose (D-Glucose to D- Arabinose) by Ruff
degradation. Aldohexose to Ketohexose [(+) Glucose to (-) Fructose] and
Ketohexose to Aldohexose (Fructose to Glucose)
Introduction: Definition of Amino acids,
classification of Amino acids into alpha, beta, and gamma amino acids. Natural
and essential amino acids - definition and examples, classification of
alpha amino acids into acidic, basic and neutral amino acids with examples.
Methods of synthesis: General methods of synthesis of alpha amino acids
(specific examples - Glycine, Alanine, valine and leucine) by following
methods: a) from halogenated carboxylic acid b) Malonic ester synthesis c)
strecker's synthesis.Physical properties: Zwitter ion structure - salt like
character - solubility, melting points, amphoteric character, definition of
isoelectric point.Chemical properties: General reactions due to amino and
carboxyl groups - lactams from gamma and delta amino acids by heating peptide
bond (amide linkage). Structure and nomenclature of peptides and proteins.
LABORATORY COURSE
– V (Organic Chemistry)
Organic Qualitative Analysis:
Analysis of an Organic compound through systematic
qualitative procedure for functional group Identification including the
determination of Melting point and boiling point with suitable derivatives.
Alchols, Phenols, Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic acids, Aromatic Primary Amines,
Amides and Simple sugars
LABORATORY COURSE –
VI (Physical Chemistry))
1.
Chemical kinetics
i. Determination of specific
reaction rate of the hydrolysis of methyl acetate catalyzed by
hydrogen ion at room temperature.
2.
Distribution law
i. Determination of molecular status
and partition coefficient of benzoic acid in Benzene and
water.
3. Adsorption
i. Surface tension and viscosity of
liquids.
ii. Adsorption of acetic acid on animal
charcoal, verification of Freundlich isotherm.
SEMESTER-VI
- Electives
ELECTIVE Paper – VII-(A) :
ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 45hr (3h /
w)
a)
Importance in various fields
of science, steps involved in chemical analysis.
Principles of volumetricanalysis :. Theories of acid-base, redox,
complexometric, iodometric and
precipitation titrations - choice of indicators for these titrations.
b)
Principles
of gravimetric analysis: precipitation, coagulation, peptization,
coprecipitation, post precipitation,
digestion, filtration and washing of precipitate, drying and ignition.
UNIT-II
Treatment of analytical data: 7h
Types of errors,
significant figures and its importance, accuracy - methods of expressing
accuracy, error analysis and minimization of errors, precision - methods
of expressing precision, standard deviation and confidence limit.
SEPARATION TECHNIQUES IN CHEMICAL
ANALYSIS: 8h
SOLVENT EXTRACTION
: Introduction,principle,techniques,factors affecting
solvent extraction, Batch
extraction, continuous extraction and counter current extraction. Synergism.,
Application - Determination of Iron (III)
ION EXCHANGE :Introduction,action of
ion exchange resins,separation of
inorganic
mixtuers,applications, Solvent extraction: Principle and
process,
UNIT – IV 10h
Chromatography: Classification of chromatography methods,
principles of differential migration adsorption phenomenon, Nature
of adsorbents, solvent systems, Rf values, factors effecting Rf
values.Paper Chromatography: Principles, Rf values, experimental
procedures, choice of paper and solvent systems, developments of chromatogram - ascending,
descending and radial. Two dimensional chromatography, applications.
UNIT -V 10h
Thin layer Chromatography (TLC): Advantages.
Principles, factors effecting Rf values. Experimental
procedures. Adsorbents and solvents.
Preparation of plates. Development of the chromatogram. Detection of the
spots. Applications. Column Chromatography:
Principles, experimental procedures, Stationary and mobile Phases,
Separation technique.
Applications HPLC : Basic principles and
applications.
LABORATORY
COURSE – VI
Practical Paper – VII-(A) (at the end
of semester VI) 30hrs (2 h / W)
50M
1. Identification of aminoacids by
paper chromatography.
2. Determination of Zn using EDTA
3. Determination of Mg using EDTA
CLUSTER
ELECTIVES:
Cluster Elective – I Analytical
and Physical
SEMESTER-VI
PAPER – VIII-A-1: POLYMER CHEMISTRY
45 hrs
(3 h / w)
UNIT-I 12h
Introduction of
polymers:Basic definitions, degree of polymerization ,classification of
polymers- Natural and Synthetic polymers, Organic and Inorganic polymers,
Thermoplastic and Thermosetting polymers, Plastics, Elastomers , Fibers and
Resins, Linear ,Branched and Cross Linked polymers, Addition polymers and Condensation Polymers, mechanism of polymerization. Free
radical, ionic and Zeigler – Natta polymerization.
UNIT-II 10h
Techniques of
Polymerization : Bulk polymerization , solution polymerization , suspension and
Emulsion polymerization. Molecular weights of polymers: Number average and
weight average molecular weights Determination of molecular weight of polymers
by Viscometry , Osmometry and light scattering methods.
UNIT-III 6h
Kinetics of Free
radical polymerization, Glass Transition temperature(Tg) and Determination of
Tg:Free volume theory, WLF equation, factors affecting glass transition
temperature (Tg).
UNIT-IV 9h
Polymer
additives:Introduction to plastic additives – fillers, Plasticizers and
Softeners , Lubricants and Flow Promoters, Anti aging additives , Flame
Retardants , Colourants , Blowing agents , Cross linking agents ,Photo
stabilizers , Nucleating agents.
UNIT-V 8h
Polymers and their
applications:Preparation and industrial applications of Polyethylene, Polyvinyl
chloride, Teflon, Polyacrylonitrile, Terelene , Nylon6.6 silicones.
SEMESTER-VI
PAPER – VIII-A-2: INSTRUMENTAL
METHODS OF ANALYSIS
45 hrs (3 h / w)
UNIT – I
Introduction to spectroscopic methods of analysis: 4 h
Recap of the spectroscopic methods covered in detail in the core
chemistry syllabus:
Treatment of analytical data, including error analysis.
Classification of analytical methods and the types of instrumental methods.
Consideration of electromagnetic radiation.
UNIT – II
Molecular spectroscopy: 8h
Infrared spectroscopy:
Interactions with molecules: absorption and scattering. Means of
excitation (light sources), separation of spectrum (wavelength dispersion, time
resolution), detection of the signal (heat, differential detection),
interpretation of spectrum (qualitative, mixtures, resolution), advantages of
Fourier Transform (FTIR). Samples and results expected. Applications: Issues of
quality assurance and quality control, Special problems for portable
instrumentation and rapid detection.
UNIT – III 10h
UV-Visible/ Near IR – emission, absorption, fluorescence and photoaccoustic. Excitation
sources (lasers, time resolution), wavelength dispersion (gratings,
prisms, interference filters,laser, placement of sample relative to dispersion,
resolution), Detection of signal (photocells, photomultipliers, diode arrays,
sensitivity and S/N), Single and Double Beam instruments, Interpretation
(quantification, mixtures, absorption vs. fluorescence and the use of time,
photoaccoustic, fluorescent tags).
UNIT – IV
Separation techniques 8h
Chromatography: Gas
chromatography, liquid chromatography, supercritical fluids,
Importance of column technology (packing, capillaries), Separation
based on increasing
number of factors (volatility, solubility, interactions with
stationary phase, size, electrical
field), Detection: simple vs. specific (gas and liquid), Detection
as a means of further analysis (use of tags and coupling to IR and MS),
Electrophoresis (plates and capillary) and use with DNA analysis. 46 Immunoassays
and DNA techniques
Mass
spectroscopy:
8h
Making the gaseous molecule into an ion (electron impact, chemical
ionization), Making liquids and solids into ions (electrospray,
electrical discharge, laser
desorption, fast atom bombardment), Separation of ions on basis of
mass to charge ratio,
Magnetic, Time of flight, Electric quadrupole. Resolution, time and
multiple separations,
Detection and interpretation (how this is linked to excitation).
UNIT – V
Elemental analysis: 10h
Mass spectrometry
(electrical discharges).
Atomic spectroscopy: Atomic absorption, Atomic emission, and Atomic
fluorescence.
Excitation and getting sample into gas phase (flames, electrical
discharges, plasmas),
Wavelength separation and resolution (dependence on technique),
Detection of radiation
(simultaneous/scanning, signal noise), Interpretation (errors due
to molecular and ionic
species, matrix effects, other interferences).
NMR spectroscopy:
4h
Principle,Instrumentation,Factorsaffectingchemicalshift, Spin coupling, Applications.
Electroanalytical Methods: Potentiometry & Voltammetry 4h
Radiochemical Methods 4h
X-ray analysis and electron spectroscopy (surface analysis)
SEMESTER-VI
PAPER – VIII-A-3 : Analysis
of drugs, foods , dairy products &
Bio-chemical Analysis
Bio-chemical Analysis
45 hrs (3 h /
w)
UNIT- I
Analysis of the following drugs and pharmaceuticals preparations:
(Knowledge of molecular formula, structure and analysis)
Analysis of anlgesics and antipyretics like aspirin and paracetamol
Analysis of antimalerials like choloroquine .
Analysis of drugs in the treatment of infections and infestations
:Amoxycillin., chloramphenicol, metronidazole,
penicillin, tetracycline, cephalexin(cefalexin).
Anti tuberculous drug- isoniazid.
UNIT - II
Analysis of the following drugs and pharmaceuticals preparations:
(Knowledge of molecular formula, structure and analysis)
Analysis of antihistamine drugs and sedatives like: allegra,
zyrtec(citirizine), alprazolam, trazodone, lorazepem, ambien(zolpidem),
diazepam,
UNIT - III
Analysis of anti epileptic and anti convulsant drugs like phenobarbital and phenacemide.
Analysis of drugs used in case of cardiovascular drugs:atenolol,
norvasc(amlodipine),
Analysis of lipitor(atorvastatin) a drug for the preventin of
productin of cholesterol.
Analysis of diuretics like: furosemide (Lasix), triamterene
Analysis of prevacid(lansoprazole) a drug used for the prevention of
production of acids in stomach.
UNIT - IV
Analysis of Milk and milk products: Acidity, total solids, fat, total nitrogen,
protenines,lactose, phosphate activity, casein, choride. Analysis of food materials- Preservatives:
Sodium carbonate, sodium benzoate sorbic acid
Coloring matters, - Briliant blue
FCF, fast green FCF, tertrazine, erytrhosine , sunset yellow FCF.
Flavoring agents - Vanilla , diacetyl, isoamyl
acetate, limonene, ethylpropionate , allyl hexanoate and Adulterants in rice and wheat, wheat
floo0r, sago,coconut oil, coffee powder, tea powder, milk..
UNIT - V
Clinical analysis of blood:Composition of
blood,clinical analysis,trace elements
in the body.Estimation of blood
chlolesterol,glucose,enzymes,RBC & WBC ,Blood gas analyser.
LABORATORY
COURSE – VIII
Practical Paper – VIII-A-1: (at the end of
semester VI) 30 hrs (2 h / W)
1.
Preparation of Aspirin
2.
Preparation of Paracetamol
3.
Preparation of Acetanilide
4.
Preparation of Barbutiric Acid
5.
Preparation of Phenyl Azo β-naphthol
1.
LABORATORY COURSE – VIII
Practical Paper – VIII-A-2 (at the end of semester VI)
30 hrs (2 h / W)
1.Green procedure for organic
qualitative analysis: Detection of N, S andhalogens
2.Acetylation
of 10 amine by green method: Preparation of acetanilide
3.
Rearrangement reaction in green conditions: Benzil-Benzilic acid rearrangement
4.
Electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction: Nitration of phenol
5.
Radical coupling reaction: Preparation of 1,1-bis -2-naphthol
6.
Green oxidation reaction: Synthesis of adipic acid
7.
Green procedure for Diels Alder reaction between furan and maleic anhydride
List of Reference Books
1. Green Chemistry Theory and Practice.
P.T.Anatas and J.C. Warner
2.
Green Chemistry V.K. Ahluwalia Narosa, New Delhi.
3. Real world cases in Green Chemistry M.C. Cann
and M.E. Connelly
4. Green Chemistry: Introductory Text
M.Lancaster: Royal Society of Chemistry
(London)
(London)
5. Green Chemistry: Introductory Text, M.Lancaster
6.
Principles and practice of heterogeneous catalysis, Thomas J.M.,Thomas
M.J., John Wiley
7. Green
Chemistry: Environmental friendly alternatives R S Sanghli and M.M
Srivastava, Narosa Publications
Srivastava, Narosa Publications
VII-A-3
Practical:- Project Work
I BSC
MODEL-QUESTIONPAPER
Duration:3hours
Maxmarks:60M
PART-A
Answer any six questions. Each carries
five marks. 5x4=20M
1.
2.
3
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
PART-B
Answer all the
questions. Each question carries ten marks. 5x8=40M
UNIT-I
9 or10
UNIT-II
11or12
UNIT-III
13or14
UNIT-IV
15or16
UNIT-V
17or18
II&III BSC MODEL-QUESTIONPAPER
Duration:3hours
Maxmarks:70M
PART-A
Answer any Five questions. Each carries
four marks. 5x4=20M
1.
2.
3
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
PART-B
Answer all the
questions. Each question carries ten marks. 5x10=50M
UNIT-I
9 or10
UNIT-II
11or12
UNIT-III
13or14
UNIT-IV
15or16
UNIT-V
17or18
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